The Evolution of an Observed Cold Front. Part II: Mesoscale Dynamics

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidoro Orlanski ◽  
Bruce B. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Cold Front ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Mesoscale Dynamics

A Hybrid Equity Release Plan for Retirement Financing

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koon-Shing Kwong ◽  
Yiu-Kuen Tse ◽  
Junxing Chay
Keyword(s):  
Property Value ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Reverse Mortgage ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
The Government

AbstractThere are two main equity release plans for retirement financing: reverse mortgage plan and home reversion plan. Both plans entitle the homeowners not only to release cash from their properties but also to allow them living there for life. In the lease buyback scheme (LBS) recently introduced in Singapore, the home owner sells the tail-end of the property lease to the government in exchange for a cash payment upfront. Unlike the two main equity release plans, the LBS only allows the owner to stay in the property for the front part of the lease but not for life. In this paper, we propose a hybrid home equity release plan that incorporates features of the home reversion plan and the LBS. We provide an actuarial framework to analyze the pricing of the hybrid plan, as well as the LBS and home reversion plan. Some numerical illustrations are presented to show the actuarial values of the plan under different choices of plan parameters, such as the lease period and the portion of property value sold. The hybrid plan provides enhanced flexibility to plan takers to meet their retirement needs.

scholarly journals Ensemble forecasting greatly expands the prediction horizon for ocean mesoscale variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad G. Thoppil ◽  
Sergey Frolov ◽  
Clark D. Rowley ◽  
Carolyn A. Reynolds ◽  
Gregg A. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Mesoscale Dynamics ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Freshwater Transport ◽  
Prediction Horizon ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
High Uncertainty

AbstractMesoscale eddies dominate energetics of the ocean, modify mass, heat and freshwater transport and primary production in the upper ocean. However, the forecast skill horizon for ocean mesoscales in current operational models is shorter than 10 days: eddy-resolving ocean models, with horizontal resolution finer than 10 km in mid-latitudes, represent mesoscale dynamics, but mesoscale initial conditions are hard to constrain with available observations. Here we analyze a suite of ocean model simulations at high (1/25°) and lower (1/12.5°) resolution and compare with an ensemble of lower-resolution simulations. We show that the ensemble forecast significantly extends the predictability of the ocean mesoscales to between 20 and 40 days. We find that the lack of predictive skill in data assimilative deterministic ocean models is due to high uncertainty in the initial location and forecast of mesoscale features. Ensemble simulations account for this uncertainty and filter-out unconstrained scales. We suggest that advancements in ensemble analysis and forecasting should complement the current focus on high-resolution modeling of the ocean.

scholarly journals Fast simulations of gas sloshing and cold front formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 419 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roediger ◽  
J. A. ZuHone
Keyword(s):  
Cold Front

Relationship between mesoscale dynamics and shear relaxation of ionic liquids with long alkyl chain

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 104511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Ken-ichi Mikawa ◽  
Shinobu Koda ◽  
Kenta Fujii ◽  
Hitoshi Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Mesoscale Dynamics ◽  
Shear Relaxation ◽  
Long Alkyl Chain

scholarly journals A CloudSat–CALIPSO View of Cloud and Precipitation Properties across Cold Fronts over the Global Oceans

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 6743-6762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Naud ◽  
Derek J. Posselt ◽  
Susan C. van den Heever
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Cold Fronts ◽  
Surface Front ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The distribution of cloud and precipitation properties across oceanic extratropical cyclone cold fronts is examined using four years of combined CloudSat radar and CALIPSO lidar retrievals. The global annual mean cloud and precipitation distributions show that low-level clouds are ubiquitous in the postfrontal zone while higher-level cloud frequency and precipitation peak in the warm sector along the surface front. Increases in temperature and moisture within the cold front region are associated with larger high-level but lower mid-/low-level cloud frequencies and precipitation decreases in the cold sector. This behavior seems to be related to a shift from stratiform to convective clouds and precipitation. Stronger ascent in the warm conveyor belt tends to enhance cloudiness and precipitation across the cold front. A strong temperature contrast between the warm and cold sectors also encourages greater post-cold-frontal cloud occurrence. While the seasonal contrasts in environmental temperature, moisture, and ascent strength are enough to explain most of the variations in cloud and precipitation across cold fronts in both hemispheres, they do not fully explain the differences between Northern and Southern Hemisphere cold fronts. These differences are better explained when the impact of the contrast in temperature across the cold front is also considered. In addition, these large-scale parameters do not explain the relatively large frequency in springtime postfrontal precipitation.

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